Before the introduction of the matriculation system, students who wish to enter public universities must complete an additional 18 months of secondary schooling in Form Six and sit for the Malaysian Higher School Certificate (Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia, STPM); equivalent to the British Advanced or 'A' levels. In the year 1999, the matriculation programme is introduced, which is an alternative to STPM, of which students have to complete the 12-months programme in matriculation colleges (kolej matrikulasi in Malay). However, in the matriculation system, only 10% of the places are opened to non-Bumiputra students while the rest are reserved for Bumiputra students.
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